- driver airbag module mounted in the steering wheel;
- front passenger airbag module located in the instrument panel;
- modules of side airbags for the driver and front passenger, located in the side bolsters of the front seat backs - in a variant design;
- remote sensors;
- driver and front passenger seat belts with pre-tensioner and load limiter;
- a connector with a rotating device mounted on the steering shaft for connecting the horn switch and the driver's air bag module to the vehicle's on-board circuit;
- control and diagnostic unit installed on the body floor tunnel under the instrument panel console;
- restraint system diagnostic indicator in the instrument cluster.
The components of the restraint system are marked with the inscription AIRBAG on the driver's airbag cover, the inscription SRP AIRBAG on the passenger's airbag cover, and there is also a corresponding sticker on the sun visor and the inscription AIRBAG on the seat belt webbing with the pre-tensioner.
In the event of a frontal impact, these devices can be activated either simultaneously or separately from each other. The principle of operation of the passive safety system is that in the event of a strong frontal impact, provided that the ignition is on, in a very short period of time the front seat belts with a pre-tensioner are retracted to securely fix the driver and front passenger, and the airbags are filled with gas (Figure 2.12). After an impact, the airbags deflate immediately, allowing you to exit the vehicle freely.
Figure 2.12. Frontal airbags
When the airbag deploys, there is virtually no risk of restricted visibility for the driver, as it inflates and deflates in a short period of time.
Seat belts with pre-tensioners and load limiters, as well as airbags, reduce the risk of injury to the upper body and head of the driver and front passenger.
An airbag requires space when it is filled with gas. Airbags provide optimum protection when the seat, seatback and head restraint are adjusted correctly:
- the driver's entire back should rest on the seat back, and the seat should be moved back as far as is practical for the driver to be able to hold the steering wheel in an upright sitting position with his arms slightly bent at the elbows;
- move the front passenger seat back as far as possible and bring the backrest to a vertical position so as not to experience any inconvenience or discomfort.
Improper seating position when air bags deploy could result in serious injury or death. The airbags are triggered by a pyrotechnic system, which explains the popping sound and the heat and smoke that they produce when they deploy (which does not mean a fire has started). When airbags deploy, a person may suffer skin damage or other injuries. Airbags are an additional means of protection for the driver and front passenger wearing a seat belt and are deployed: in the event of a severe frontal collision - the frontal airbags, in the event of a severe side collision - the side airbag on the side of the impact:
- starting from a certain collision severity;
- in the areas of action shown in Figure 2.13, are highlighted in color.
Figure 2.13. Airbag deployment zones
However, they may also be activated in other emergency situations if the vehicle experiences impacts similar to those it would experience in a severe frontal or side collision.
[Article copied from a web page: Ladaman.ru]
Examples of situations with activation of the passive safety system of the driver and front passenger:
- collision with a stationary non-deformable obstacle: the airbag may deploy at low speed;
- collision with a moving deformable obstacle (for example, with another car): the airbag is triggered only at increased vehicle speed and in the operating and triggering zone;
- in the event of a sufficiently strong impact on the vehicle from the front, some examples are shown in the following figure.
Figure 2.14. Examples of airbag deployment situations
The restraint system does not operate when:
- ignition off;
- minor frontal or side collisions;
- car rollover;
- impacts on the vehicle outside the trigger zone or from behind, i.e. in cases where it cannot contribute to increased safety.
The extent of damage to the car body during a collision (or no serious damage) is not always an indicator of normal or abnormal operation of the passive safety system.
Warning!
- an airbag does not replace a seat belt, it only supplements its action, so always wear a seat belt. Those who do not use seat belts risk receiving significantly more serious injuries in an accident or even being thrown from the car, and the possibility of a fatal outcome cannot be ruled out. the belt helps ensure that in the event of an accident you maintain the safest position in which the airbag can provide the greatest protection.
- never place any objects on the steering wheel or instrument panel while driving, as they may cause injury if the air bags deploy. The same danger exists when the driver or passenger smokes a pipe or uses a mobile phone while driving.
- When driving, do not place your forearms/palms on the area where the airbag is mounted.
- When driving, the front seat passenger should not lean on the instrument panel or hold any objects in their hands that could cause injury if the restraint system is activated. Also, do not place your feet on the dashboard or seat, as this may result in serious injury. The passenger is advised to constantly ensure that all parts of his body (knees, arms, head, etc.) were located at a sufficient distance from the instrument panel.
- unauthorized interference with the restraint system is prohibited. All work on it must be performed only at a LADA dealer by specially trained personnel.
- Immediately after the airbags have deployed, some components of the system may be very hot. To avoid burns, do not touch hot parts.
- Skin surfaces that show signs of irritation should be thoroughly washed with soapy water. If eyes become irritated, rinse with clean water. If concerns persist, you should consult a doctor.
- When disposing of a vehicle, it is essential to have the components of the passive safety system dismantled at a LADA dealer.
In the event of a side collision, the side airbag is an additional means of protection for the driver and front passenger only if they are wearing seat belts!
Warning!
- there should be no foreign objects between the outer side surface of the front seats and the door trim!
- it is prohibited to use covers on seats with driver and front passenger side airbags!
- it is prohibited to hang or attach foreign objects to the handrails.
To avoid accidental deployment of the side airbags, do not strike the center pillars in the area where the side impact sensors are installed with the ignition on. Any interference with the passive safety system may result in its incorrect operation and, as a result, serious injury.
The driver and front passenger passive safety system is an autonomous, single-use device. After deployment, the control unit, airbag modules and seat belts with pre-tensioner must be replaced by a LADA dealer.
Figure 2.15. Passenger airbag switch
The car is equipped with a front passenger airbag switch, designed to turn off the airbag when a child is placed in the front seat in a special child seat. Disabling the airbag prevents injury to the child when the passive safety system is activated.
Warning! Never install a child restraint system rearward facing (back to front) on the front passenger seat with the airbag not turned off. If the airbag deploys, the child could be seriously injured.
Marking on the instrument panel, and label "a" (Figure 2.16) on each side of the front passenger sun visor remind you of this warning.
Figure 2.16. Warning signs on the right sun visor
The switch is located on the right side surface of the instrument panel and is accessible only when the front passenger door is open.
To turn off the airbag, press the handle and turn it to the OFF position (see subsection "Controls and instruments"). In this case, the "Front passenger airbag" indicator will turn on in the interior lighting unit.
After removing the child seat from the passenger seat, the passenger airbag should be reactivated to provide protection for the passenger in the event of a frontal impact. To turn on the front passenger airbag, press and turn the knob to the ON position.
When the ignition is turned on, the diagnostic indicator "Airbag system" lights up in the instrument cluster (see subsection "Instrument cluster") and turns off 3 seconds after the system self-diagnosis process is completed. If the diagnostic indicator does not light when the ignition is turned on, or the indicator subsequently turns on during vehicle operation, this indicates a malfunction in the driver and front passenger passive safety system. The system's activation in the event of a frontal or side collision is not guaranteed. In this case, it is not recommended to seat a passenger in the front seat, and installing a child seat in the front passenger seat is PROHIBITED. The cause of the system malfunction must be determined and eliminated by LADA dealers.