Engine oil is obtained from the so-called base oil by adding a thickener additive package to it. These additives instilled in the oil certain properties that best correspond to its purpose, scope and other indicators.
According to the type of base oil, which is taken as a basis, motor oils are divided into three types: mineral (Mineral), synthetic (Fully Synthetic) and semi-synthetic (or rather, partially synthetic - SemiSynthetic). The mineral base is the result of oil refining, and the synthetic one is the product of organic synthesis. Synthetic oil is superior to mineral oil in terms of properties, but it is also much more expensive. Semi-synthetic oil has a combined base composition. It is obtained by adding to the base mineral oil, a synthetic composition. This provides an increase in performance properties, in particular, it is possible to expand the temperature range of oil application due to a change in its viscosity. At the same time, the price increases insignificantly.
The scope of engine oil may be limited by the type of engine: gasoline or diesel. Most motor oils available can be used in both types of engines.
Motor oils are divided into classes according to viscosity and quality level, which determines its main performance properties.