Battery malfunctions
| The battery is discharged. The starter does not turn the engine crankshaft or turns it slowly, the lights are dim | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The car has not been used for a long time | Charge the battery using a charger or in another vehicle |
| The belt tension has weakened | Tighten the alternator drive belt. |
| When the engine is off, many electrical consumers are running (head unit of the sound reproduction system, etc.) | Reduce the number of consumers running on battery power |
| Damage to the insulation of electrical circuits, current leakage along the surface of the battery | Check the leakage current (no more than 11 mA when consumers are disconnected), clean the surface of the battery. Be careful, acid! |
| Generator faulty | See Generator Fault Diagnosis |
| Short circuit between plates (boiling of electrolyte, local heating of the battery) | Replace the battery |
The low battery indicator is on
| The low battery indicator is on. The vehicle's on-board network voltage is below 15 V | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The alternator drive belt tension has weakened | Tighten your belt |
| The voltage regulator is faulty. | Replace the regulator |
| The rectifier block diodes are damaged | Replace the rectifier unit |
| The connection of the excitation winding terminals to the slip rings is broken, there is a short circuit or break in the winding | Solder the leads, replace the generator rotor or the generator assembly |
| Open or short circuit in the stator winding, shorting it to "ground" (when short-circuited the generator howls) | Check the winding with an ohmmeter. Replace the stator or generator assembly |
The voltage of the vehicle's on-board network is higher than 15.1
| The vehicle's on-board network voltage is higher than 15.1 V | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The voltage regulator is damaged | Replace the voltage regulator |
Generator noise
| Generator noise | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Generator bearings are damaged (squealing, howling). The noise remains when the wires are disconnected from the generator and disappears when the drive belt is removed | Replace the rear bearing, front bearing with cover or alternator assembly |
| Short circuit in the stator winding (howling). The noise disappears if you disconnect the wires from the generator | Replace the stator or generator assembly |
| Short circuit in one of the diodes. The noise disappears if you disconnect the wires from the generator | Replace the rectifier unit |
The low battery indicator does not light up
| The low battery indicator does not light when the ignition is turned on | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Fuse F1 of the mounting block in the car's passenger compartment has blown | Find out and eliminate the cause of the burnout. Replace the fuse |
| Open circuit "ignition switch-instrument cluster" | Check the wires from the ignition switch to the junction block and from the junction block to the instrument cluster |
| The ignition switch contacts do not close | Check the contact closure with a tester. Replace the contact part or the switch assembly |
The low battery indicator does not light when the ignition is turned on and does not light when the engine is running. The vehicle's on-board voltage is below 14.4 volts
| The low battery indicator does not light when the ignition is turned on and does not light when the engine is running. The vehicle's on-board voltage is below 14.4 V | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Wear or sticking of brushes, oxidation of contact rings | Replace the brush holder with brushes, wipe the rings with a clean rag soaked in gasoline |
| The voltage regulator is damaged | Replace the voltage regulator |
| The rectifier unit is faulty | Replace the rectifier unit |
| The connection between the wire and the brush holder terminal is broken. | Reconnect the wire to the brush holder terminal |
| Unsoldering the excitation winding leads from the slip rings | Solder the leads or replace the generator rotor or generator assembly |
Coolant temperature gauge or fuel gauge not working
| Coolant temperature gauge or fuel gauge not working | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The pointer is faulty | Replace the instrument cluster |
| The sensor is faulty | Replace pointer sensor |
| The wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or not tightly fitted | Crimp the tips, replace the faulty wires |
The fuel reserve indicator is constantly on
| The fuel reserve indicator is constantly on | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Fuel level sensor resistor is faulty | Replace pointer sensor |
The fuel gauge needle twitches and often deviates to the zero mark
| The fuel gauge needle twitches and often deviates to the zero mark | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Weak contact of the sensor resistor with the current collector | Bend the current collector or replace the fuel level indicator sensor |
The warning lights do not light up
| The warning lights do not light up | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Signal indicator faulty | Replace the instrument cluster |
| The corresponding indicator sensor is faulty | Replace the alarm sensor |
| The wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or not tightly fitted | Crimp the tips, replace the faulty wires |
The speedometer does not work
| The speedometer does not work | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The speed sensor is faulty | Replace the speed sensor |
| The speedometer is faulty | Replace the instrument cluster |
The tachometer does not work
| The tachometer does not work | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Damaged power supply circuits of the instrument cluster, control circuit of the tachometer | Crimp the terminals, replace faulty wires, instrument cluster |
| The controller does not send a signal to the tachometer | Replace the faulty controller |
| The tachometer is faulty | Replace the instrument cluster |
Horn malfunctions
| The horn does not work | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The signal is faulty, its switch, relay, the fuse is blown, the wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or poorly connected | Try to restore the sound by turning the screw on the signal body. Strip and crimp the wire ends. Faulty signal, switch, relay, wires, blown fuse - replace |
| Weak, hoarse signal sound | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The signal is faulty, the wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or poorly connected | Adjust the sound by turning the screw on the signal body. Strip and crimp the wire ends. Defective signal, switch, wires - replace |
Vehicle deviation from straight-line motion (on a flat road)
| Vehicle deviation from straight-line motion (on a flat road) | |
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Uneven tire pressure | Set the pressure to normal |
| Violation of the longitudinal tilt angles of the steering axis and/or camber of the front wheels | Adjust the steering axis and/or camber angles of the front wheels |
| Significant difference in tire wear | Replace a worn tire |
| Uneven front suspension spring sag | Replace both springs |
| Suspension and/or car body parts are deformed | Straighten or replace deformed body parts and panels |
| Rear axle offset due to wear of rear suspension beam silent blocks | Replace the silent blocks |
| Wheel braking due to wheel cylinder piston jamming | Replace the cylinder |
| Front wheel drag due to loosening of the bolts securing the brake shoe guide to the steering knuckle (caliper is displaced) | Tighten the bolts |
| Rear wheel drag due to weakening or breakage of the rear brake pad tension spring | Replace the spring |
| Increased imbalance of the front wheels | Balance the wheels |